1工程概況
本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于深圳(zhen)市福(fu)田區某居住(zhu)小區園(yuan)(yuan)林綠化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，該小區綠化景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)規模為211～215#樓，景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)設計面積為：13867m2，園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要施(shi)工(gong)(gong)內(nei)容包括車行(xing)路鋪裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、人(ren)行(xing)路鋪裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、小區圍墻（門衛(wei)室）工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)擋墻、臺階工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、園(yuan)(yuan)林建筑(zhu)、構筑(zhu)物及造景(jing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)飾施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、噴灌設施(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、綠化種植工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、給排(pai)水工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等。
2施工(gong)技術準備
技(ji)術準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)的(de)核心，必須認真(zhen)細(xi)致地做(zuo)好(hao)技(ji)術準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。組(zu)織技(ji)術人(ren)員認真(zhen)學習(xi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖，掌握(wo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙的(de)全(quan)部內容，熟悉設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)目的(de)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)意圖、領會設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)果。熟悉場(chang)地情況(kuang)，包括(kuo)場(chang)地構筑物、管線(xian)埋(mai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)、種(zhong)植條件等(deng)(deng)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)前，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術負責人(ren)應組(zu)織參加施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)人(ren)員進(jin)行技(ji)術交底，應結合具體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)內容、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)、關鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)序和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)難(nan)點的(de)質量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求、操作要(yao)(yao)(yao)點及注(zhu)意事項(xiang)，驗(yan)收標準(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行交底。按種(zhong)植設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)所要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)苗木種(zhong)類、規格、數量編制苗木所需量計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃。對(dui)公司苗圃地自有的(de)苗木，依工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度(du)安排(pai)(pai)好(hao)起苗、運(yun)苗、栽植的(de)時間、方法，安排(pai)(pai)好(hao)運(yun)輸(shu)、栽植方案(an)。
3小(xiao)區園林綠(lv)化(hua)工程施工工序(xu)及方(fang)法
本分部園林綠(lv)化工程根據設計圖紙，其施工工藝流程為測量定位→土方施工→土壤改良（實驗檢驗）→微地造型喬木種植→常綠樹種植→花灌木種植→地被植物種植→竣工養護。
3.1土方(fang)開挖、回填
通過現(xian)場(chang)踏勘，并根據業主提供的(de)現(xian)場(chang)標(biao)高(gao)(gao)和園林布局設計標(biao)高(gao)(gao)，現(xian)場(chang)處于土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)虧損狀態，主要是微地形需要回填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。園林植物所必(bi)需的(de)最低種植土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚度應(ying)(ying)符合表1規(gui)定。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)回填(tian)(tian)先用水(shui)平儀(yi)測定主要標(biao)高(gao)(gao)點(dian)，并立醒目標(biao)樁，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)車運進現(xian)場(chang)后應(ying)(ying)每填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)300～500mm做分層夯實(shi)，并應(ying)(ying)確保(bao)300mm表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)是理化性能(neng)良好的(de)合成土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)或砂壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。在(zai)回填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)基本滿足(zu)的(de)條件下(xia)，依園林設計標(biao)高(gao)(gao)整理出相應(ying)(ying)的(de)地形、緩坡，使所有表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)應(ying)(ying)按等高(gao)(gao)線做最后處理，避免造成隆(long)起凹陷。綠地內排水(shui)應(ying)(ying)按設計坡度與起向結合現(xian)場(chang)及周邊情況綜合考(kao)慮。
3.2土壤改(gai)良
; 在地形標高整(zheng)理完(wan)成后，依種植(zhi)(zhi)品種的(de)不同對表土層做相(xiang)應厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)土壤改良(liang)，使(shi)種植(zhi)(zhi)土符(fu)合(he)植(zhi)(zhi)物對肥力和各種有機物、微量元素的(de)需求。樹木(mu)以樹坑為(wei)單位，按800～1000mm的(de)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)做為(wei)改良(liang)層。灌木(mu)、地被(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)物改良(liang)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)600mm。草坪(ping)改良(liang)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)125mm。
3.3苗(miao)木選(xuan)擇
一個健康和長勢良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)具(ju)有(you)(you)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿(zi)態，有(you)(you)極(ji)多枝(zhi)條并且生(sheng)長茂密。苗木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莖、樹(shu)干(gan)、枝(zhi)條一般(ban)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)無(wu)蟲害(hai)(hai)，并無(wu)導致樹(shu)木(mu)死亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)原體。所有(you)(you)莖或樹(shu)干(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態，穩固且根系良好。由于植(zhi)物莖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類不(bu)(bu)同，質(zhi)量是由根莖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度來決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。莖高應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)從種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)盆(pen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)部測量。植(zhi)物總(zong)高應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)從種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)盆(pen)底(di)部到主要樹(shu)冠(guan)頂部作量度。樹(shu)冠(guan)一般(ban)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)無(wu)蟲害(hai)(hai)，并無(wu)導致樹(shu)木(mu)死亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)原體，同時應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)足夠之枝(zhi)葉以(yi)(yi)展現該樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)之形(xing)態，葉冠(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬度及葉冠(guan)起源(yuan)點從葉冠(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要冠(guan)面測量其(qi)寬度，不(bu)(bu)包括偶(ou)然支出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條，根系應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)良好發展，保證無(wu)蟲害(hai)(hai)或病(bing)原體，在種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)盆(pen)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)超過一定限制。草坪(ping)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是圖紙中特定指名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類。純度應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)為85%以(yi)(yi)上，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)無(wu)雜(za)草、雜(za)質(zhi)、蟲害(hai)(hai)、病(bing)害(hai)(hai)。
3.4種(zhong)植施工
3.4.1定點放(fang)線
本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于深圳(zhen)市福(fu)田區某居住(zhu)小區園(yuan)(yuan)林綠化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，該小區綠化景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)規模為211～215#樓，景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)設計面積為：13867m2，園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要施(shi)工(gong)(gong)內(nei)容包括車行(xing)路鋪裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、人(ren)行(xing)路鋪裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、小區圍墻（門衛(wei)室）工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)擋墻、臺階工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、園(yuan)(yuan)林建筑(zhu)、構筑(zhu)物及造景(jing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)飾施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、噴灌設施(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、綠化種植工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、給排(pai)水工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等。
2施工(gong)技術準備
技(ji)術準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)的(de)核心，必須認真(zhen)細(xi)致地做(zuo)好(hao)技(ji)術準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。組(zu)織技(ji)術人(ren)員認真(zhen)學習(xi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖，掌握(wo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙的(de)全(quan)部內容，熟悉設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)目的(de)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)意圖、領會設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)果。熟悉場(chang)地情況(kuang)，包括(kuo)場(chang)地構筑物、管線(xian)埋(mai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)、種(zhong)植條件等(deng)(deng)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)前，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術負責人(ren)應組(zu)織參加施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)人(ren)員進(jin)行技(ji)術交底，應結合具體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)內容、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)、關鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)序和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)難(nan)點的(de)質量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求、操作要(yao)(yao)(yao)點及注(zhu)意事項(xiang)，驗(yan)收標準(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行交底。按種(zhong)植設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)所要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)苗木種(zhong)類、規格、數量編制苗木所需量計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃。對(dui)公司苗圃地自有的(de)苗木，依工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度(du)安排(pai)(pai)好(hao)起苗、運(yun)苗、栽植的(de)時間、方法，安排(pai)(pai)好(hao)運(yun)輸(shu)、栽植方案(an)。
3小(xiao)區園林綠(lv)化(hua)工程施工工序(xu)及方(fang)法
本分部園林綠(lv)化工程根據設計圖紙，其施工工藝流程為測量定位→土方施工→土壤改良（實驗檢驗）→微地造型喬木種植→常綠樹種植→花灌木種植→地被植物種植→竣工養護。
3.1土方(fang)開挖、回填
通過現(xian)場(chang)踏勘，并根據業主提供的(de)現(xian)場(chang)標(biao)高(gao)(gao)和園林布局設計標(biao)高(gao)(gao)，現(xian)場(chang)處于土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)虧損狀態，主要是微地形需要回填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。園林植物所必(bi)需的(de)最低種植土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚度應(ying)(ying)符合表1規(gui)定。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)回填(tian)(tian)先用水(shui)平儀(yi)測定主要標(biao)高(gao)(gao)點(dian)，并立醒目標(biao)樁，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)車運進現(xian)場(chang)后應(ying)(ying)每填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)300～500mm做分層夯實(shi)，并應(ying)(ying)確保(bao)300mm表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)是理化性能(neng)良好的(de)合成土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)或砂壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。在(zai)回填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)基本滿足(zu)的(de)條件下(xia)，依園林設計標(biao)高(gao)(gao)整理出相應(ying)(ying)的(de)地形、緩坡，使所有表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)應(ying)(ying)按等高(gao)(gao)線做最后處理，避免造成隆(long)起凹陷。綠地內排水(shui)應(ying)(ying)按設計坡度與起向結合現(xian)場(chang)及周邊情況綜合考(kao)慮。
3.2土壤改(gai)良
; 在地形標高整(zheng)理完(wan)成后，依種植(zhi)(zhi)品種的(de)不同對表土層做相(xiang)應厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)土壤改良(liang)，使(shi)種植(zhi)(zhi)土符(fu)合(he)植(zhi)(zhi)物對肥力和各種有機物、微量元素的(de)需求。樹木(mu)以樹坑為(wei)單位，按800～1000mm的(de)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)做為(wei)改良(liang)層。灌木(mu)、地被(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)物改良(liang)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)600mm。草坪(ping)改良(liang)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)125mm。
3.3苗(miao)木選(xuan)擇
一個健康和長勢良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)具(ju)有(you)(you)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿(zi)態，有(you)(you)極(ji)多枝(zhi)條并且生(sheng)長茂密。苗木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莖、樹(shu)干(gan)、枝(zhi)條一般(ban)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)無(wu)蟲害(hai)(hai)，并無(wu)導致樹(shu)木(mu)死亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)原體。所有(you)(you)莖或樹(shu)干(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態，穩固且根系良好。由于植(zhi)物莖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類不(bu)(bu)同，質(zhi)量是由根莖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度來決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。莖高應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)從種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)盆(pen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)部測量。植(zhi)物總(zong)高應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)從種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)盆(pen)底(di)部到主要樹(shu)冠(guan)頂部作量度。樹(shu)冠(guan)一般(ban)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)無(wu)蟲害(hai)(hai)，并無(wu)導致樹(shu)木(mu)死亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)原體，同時應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)足夠之枝(zhi)葉以(yi)(yi)展現該樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)之形(xing)態，葉冠(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬度及葉冠(guan)起源(yuan)點從葉冠(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要冠(guan)面測量其(qi)寬度，不(bu)(bu)包括偶(ou)然支出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條，根系應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)良好發展，保證無(wu)蟲害(hai)(hai)或病(bing)原體，在種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)盆(pen)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)超過一定限制。草坪(ping)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是圖紙中特定指名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類。純度應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)為85%以(yi)(yi)上，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)無(wu)雜(za)草、雜(za)質(zhi)、蟲害(hai)(hai)、病(bing)害(hai)(hai)。
3.4種(zhong)植施工
3.4.1定點放(fang)線
依(yi)據(ju)(ju)施(shi)工圖(tu)進(jin)行定點測量放(fang)(fang)線(xian)(xian)，是設計景(jing)觀效果表達的(de)基礎。行道樹的(de)定點放(fang)(fang)線(xian)(xian)，一般以路沿和道路中軸線(xian)(xian)為依(yi)據(ju)(ju)，要求兩側整齊對(dui)仗。對(dui)設計圖(tu)紙上無(wu)精(jing)確定植(zhi)(zhi)點的(de)樹木栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)，特別是樹叢(cong)，樹群，可先劃(hua)出(chu)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)范圍(wei)，具體位置根據(ju)(ju)設計思想，樹體規(gui)(gui)格和場地(di)現狀等進(jin)行綜合考慮。灌木的(de)布(bu)(bu)置為不(bu)規(gui)(gui)則布(bu)(bu)置，用白(bai)灰劃(hua)區域線(xian)(xian)，點位分布(bu)(bu)應避免放(fang)(fang)在一條直線(xian)(xian)上，白(bai)灰點位點。色帶花卉、地(di)被按區域畫(hua)線(xian)(xian)，布(bu)(bu)點均勻。
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